The problem / intent

You want to use the interface to scaffold learners' progress, but an interface that is too rigid impedes individual expression, exploration and innovation.

The context

Derived from interactive web-based interfaces, where users can express themselves in writing. However, should apply to almost any interactive learning interface.

Mathematical content	Any content domain and target audience, although the degree of flexibility and control would vary. Some learners need more structure, whilst others need more expressive freedom.
Learning and instruction	Mathematical content: Typically explicit; Rationale:  Games and linguistic, Games as meaningful contexts for pupils to develop mathematical contents
Interface + interaction	accessibility: allows to cater better to learners with special needs.

The pattern

Scaffolding is a powerful tool for accelerating learning. It is a fundamental principle in many interactive learning environments, such as OISE's Knowledge Forum, and is a guiding principle in Learner-centred approaches (c.f. Quintana et al, 2004). However, scaffolds can become straitjackets when they are too directive. If a scaffolding interface adamantly leads the learner through a set sequence, it risks failure on several accounts:

• There is no leeway for mistakes, innovations, explorations or personal trajectories of learning.
• Learners feel deprived of personal voice, and their motivation may falter.
  
• It is hard to bypass design flaws discovered in the field or adjust to changing circumstances.
  

Therefore
Provide scaffolding which can easily be overridden by the learner or by the instructor. Let the scaffolding be a guideline, a recommendation which is easier to follow than not too - but leave the choice in the hands of the learner.

This pattern is applicable in a wide range of scenarios. For example -

• When providing a multiple selection interface, always include a open choice, which the user can specify (select 'other' and fill in text box).
• When the user is about to stray off the desired path of activity, warn her, ask for confirmation, but do not block her.
  

Related patterns

Leads to: Half - baked game.
Follows: Narrative spaces.
Elaborates: .
Elaborated by: Active worksheet.

Notes

Examples

• The Active worksheets used in the WebReports system provided participants a structure to work within, but allowed them to take control and change this structure as their confidence grew.